Day: December 7, 2024

Stages Involved In Soil Investigation for Building Foundation ? Planning the details and sequence of operations Collection of soil samples from the field Conducting all field tests for determining the strength and compressibility characteristics of the soil Study of ground water level conditions and collection of water samples for chemical analysis Geophysical exploration Laboratory Testing of all samples of soil, rock, and water Preparation of drawings and charts (Grain Size Distribution, Stress –Strain curve, etc.) Analysis of the test results Preparation of report Phase of Soil Investigation Type of soil, Size of structure , and Nature , Importance of the Structure The Engineer’s familiarities with the site Indian Standards & Building Codes The Customer Requirement Topographical Condition –Terrain PHASE - I DESK STUDY It involves collection of available information such as A site plan Type, size, and importance of the structure Loading conditions Previous geotechnical reports Maps1. Topographical maps,2. Aerial photographs,3. Still photographs,4. Satellite images, and5. Geologic maps Geographical Information System (GIS)An integration of software, hardware, and digital data Capture, Manage, Analyse and DisplaySpatial information can be used to view, share' understand' question, interpret, and visualize data. in ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends. Google Earthcan be used to view, Satellite imagery, Maps, Terrain, and 3D structures PHASE - II PRILIMINARY RECONNAISSANCE / EXPLORATION Field Observations Inspection of the site is must at reconnaissance stage as it gives better appreciation of site and overcomes some ofthe obvious mistakes. While performing site inspection some of the important points which are to be observed are:i . Slope failuresii. Evidence of seepageiii. Check outcrops or open cutsiv. Check surface materialv. Problem with existing structuresvi. Shrinkage cracksvii. Environmental contamination especially in industrial areas.viii. Interviewing/feedback from residents PHASE - III DETAILED SOIL EXPLORATION The objectives of a detailed soils exploration are: To determine the geological structure, which should include the thickness, sequence, and extent of the soil strata. To determine the groundwater conditions. To obtain disturbed and undisturbed samples for laboratory tests. To conduct in situ tests. Detailed Geotechnical Investigation Detailed geotechnical investigation involves determination of shear strength, compressibility, density, natural moisture content and permeability of different types of soil. Investigation is carried out before finalizing any drawing for foundation of structures whether it isbuilding, bridge or even railway formation. In geotechnical investigation primarily field testing is performed with collection of disturbed andundisturbed soil samples for detailed laboratory testing. Field and laboratory testing for SOIL index as well as engineering properties of soils helps inidentification, classification as well as assessment of strength/bearing capacity and settlement patterns. The detailed investigation involves boring programme and sampling to determine these properties.Field tests which may be performed are in-situ vane shear tests and plate load tests. PHASE - IV LABORATORY TESTING To classify the soils. To determine Soil strength, Stress - strain response Permeability, Compatibility, and Settlement parameters. PHASE - V WRITE A REPORT The report must contain a clear description of the soil at the site , Method of exploration, Soil stratigraphy, In situ and laboratory test methods and results The location of the groundwater.

Day: December 7, 2024

Soil Investigation for Building Foundation

Two Major Types Of Shuttering Systems Widely Used in India

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